Managing in the Global Work Force

Questions: I. The vender has consented to a fixed value motivator (FPI) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the objective charge is 10% of the objective expense. The value roof is $540,000 and the purchaser/dealer share proportion 80/20. The last real expense is $430,000. Decide the following:Final balanced expense: Final value: 2. The dealer has consented to a fixed value motivating force (FPI) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the objective charge is 10% of the objective expense. The value roof is $500,000 and the purchaser/vender share proportion is 80/20. The last real expense is $520,000. Decide the following:Final balanced charge: Final value: 3. The merchant has consented to an expense in addition to fixed charge (CPFF) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the fixed charge is 10% of the objective expense. The last genuine expense is $500,000. Decide the following:Final charge: Final value: 4. The dealer has consented to an expense in addition to impet us charge (CPIF) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the objective charge is I0% of the objective expense. The greatest charge is $50,000, the base expense is $17,000 and the purchaser/merchant share proportion is 80/20. The last expense is $600,000. Decide the following:Final balanced expense: Final price:5. The merchant has consented to an expense in addition to motivating force charge (CPIF) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the fixed tee is I 0% of the objective expense. The most extreme charge is $50,000. the base expense is $17.000 and the offer proportion is 80/20. The last expense is $400,000.Determine the accompanying: Final balanced charge: 6. Somewhere in the range of 10 months prior you granted an expense in addition to fixed charge (CPFF) agreement to a huge organization to give a media communications infra-structure at a few areas. The agreement was haggled with an objective expense of$200,000 and a charge of 0% of the objective expense. The a greement is finished and the last costs come in at $150.000. What is the aggregate sum you should pay to the provider? 7. As a component of a venture to remodel the air terminal in Peekskill, New York, you granted an expense in addition to impetus charge (C PIF) contract for overhauling the eatery and parlors. The objective expenses were haggled at $200,000, with a 10% objective benefit. The purchaser/merchant share proportion is 80/20. The venture was finished at $180,000. What amount is the absolute agreement cost which must be paid to the provider? 8. You arranged an expense in addition to fixed charge in addition to grant expense (CPFF/AF) contract with a vender for an anticipated all out estimation of $505,000, of which $500,000 is the objective expense and $5,000 is the measure of the fixed expense. You have likewise saved a financial plan for a potential honor expense, with a not-to-surpass sum of$25,000. The vender's last cost comes in at $533,000. What is the last installme nt to the merchant? Answers: I. The vender has consented to a fixed value motivating force (FPI) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the objective charge is 10% of the objective expense. The value roof is $540,000 and the purchaser/merchant share proportion 80/20. The last genuine expense is $430,000. Decide the following:Final balanced charge: 43,000 (43000*10%)Final cost: 4,73,000 (430000+43000)2. The dealer has consented to a fixed value motivation (FPI) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the objective charge is 10% of the objective expense. The value roof is $500,000 and the purchaser/vender share proportion is 80/20. The last genuine expense is $520,000. Decide the following:Final balanced expense: 50,000 (520000*10% or 50,000 lower)Final cost: 500,000 (Price ceiling)3.The vender has consented to an expense in addition to fixed charge (CPFF) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the fixed charge is 10% of the objective expense. The last genuine expense is $500,000. Decide the following:Final charge: 45,000 (450000*10%)Final cost: 5,45,000 (500000+45000)4. The dealer has consented to an expense in addition to motivating force charge (CPIF) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the objective charge is I0% of the objective expense. The most extreme charge is $50,000, the base expense is $17,000 and the purchaser/dealer share proportion is 80/20. The last expense is $600,000. Decide the following:Final balanced expense: 50,000 (600000*10% or 50,000 lower)Final cost: 650,000 (600000 + 50000)5. The dealer has consented to an expense in addition to impetus charge (CPIF) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the fixed tee is I 0% of the objective expense. The greatest expense is $50,000. theminimum charge is $17.000 and the offer proportion is 80/20. The last expense is $400,000.Determine the accompanying: Final balanced charge: 440,000 (400000 + 10% of 400000)6. Somewhere in the range of 10 months back you granted an expense in addition to fixed charge (CPFF) agreement to an enormous organization to give a broadcast communications infra-structure at a few areas. The agreement was haggled with an objective expense of$200,000 and a charge of 0% of the objective expense. The agreement is finished and the last costs come in at $150.000. What is the aggregate sum you should pay to the provider? (150,000 + 0% fees)7. As a major aspect of a venture to revamp the air terminal in Peekskill, New York, you granted an expense in addition to impetus charge (C PIF) contract for overhauling the eatery and parlors. The objective expenses were haggled at $200,000, with a 10% objective benefit. The purchaser/dealer share proportion is 80/20. The venture was finished at $180,000. What amount is the all out agreement cost which must be paid to the provider? 183,600 (180000+ 20% of 10% of 180,000)8. You arranged an expense in addition to fixed charge in addition to grant expense (CPFF/AF) contract with a dealer for an anticipated absol ute estimation of $505,000, of which $500,000 is the objective expense and $5,000 is the measure of the fixed charge. You have likewise saved a financial plan for a potential honor expense, with a not-to-surpass sum of$25,000. The dealer's last cost comes in at $533,000. What is the last installment to the seller?563,000 (533,000 + 5,000 + 25,000) References https://www.fm-world.co.uk/by-theme/acquisition ventures/obtainment ventures articles/https://www.pmi.org/learning/contract-acquirement the executives 1782

Tennessee Williams :: Essays Papers

Tennessee Williams Thomas (Tennessee) Lanier Williams conceived March 26, 1911 in Columbus, Mississippi. The second of three children. His dad a shoe sales rep and his mom the little girl of an evangelist. Williams carried on with a family life of unrest. His family regularly occupied with brutal contentions during his childhood. Williams got his first taste of notoriety in 1929 when he took third spot in a national paper challenge. Williams began school at the University of Missouri until his dad constrained him to stop and go to work for his father’s shoe plant. Later Williams came back to school in 1937 and where he continued the composition of plays. Williams had two of his plays, Candles to the Sun and The Fugitive Kind, created by Mummers of St. Louis, and in 1938. Williams moved on from the College of Iowa. Williams at that point went to Chicago looking for work, coming up short, he at that point moved to New Orleans and changed his name from Tom to Tennessee which was the condition of his dad's introduction to the world. In 1939, the youthful dramatist got a $1,000 Rockefeller Grant. In 1944, what many consider to be his best play, The Glass Zoological display, had an extremely fruitful run in Chicago, and after a year worked its direction onto Broadway. Individuals believe that Williams utilized his own family connections as plots for the play. The Glass Menagerie won the New York Drama Critics Circle Award for best play of the period. Williams followed up his first major basic accomplishment with a few other Broadway hits including such plays as A Streetcar Named Desire, Summer and Smoke, A Rose Tattoo, and Camino Real. He got his first Pulitzer Prize in 1948 for A Streetcar Named Desire, and arrived at a considerably bigger overall crowd in 1950 and 1951 when The Glass Menagerie and A Streetcar Named Desire were made into significant films. Later plays which were likewise made into films remember Cat for a Hot Tin Roof , which he earned a subsequent Pulitzer Prize in 1955. Williams battled with discouragement all through the vast majority of his life. For quite a bit of his life, he fought addictions to physician endorsed medications and liquor. February 24, 1983, Tennessee Williams stifled to death on a jug top at his New York City living arrangement at the Hotel Elysee. He is covered in St. Louis, Missouri. Williams play, The Glass Menagerie, is about the Wingfeild family, the mother Amanda and here two youngsters Tom and Laura. Amanda has a real existence that is based on finding a man of his word companion for her little girl Laura, a spouse.

Argumentative Essay Topics on Technology

Argumentative Essay Topics on TechnologyArgumentative essay topics should be very clear and direct. They should not be difficult to read but should also be easy to understand. There are several topics that are easy to read, but can be difficult to understand.For example, it can be difficult to understand many technical terms that are not familiar to you unless you have read the material on a few websites and have come across some of the available options. Most of us will have been led to believe that the answer to a problem is easy to understand if you look at it in detail, however the question can often be very difficult. In such cases, we find that it is necessary to go over it again before we can completely understand the topic.Argumentative essay topics with technical jargon and the like should not be an obstacle to understanding them. We have to be able to read them without having to decipher their meaning, otherwise we will end up losing the connection between the arguments. So , an argumentative essay needs to be able to be understood by anyone who has the patience to go through the material once.With all this said, I would also suggest that it is necessary to look at the technological development in the world today. Technology is the fastest growing part of our economy and is one of the factors contributing to the increase in unemployment. Now more than ever we have to think about the effects that technology is having on our lives. And we cannot just look at the obvious impacts like death and destruction but also look at the indirect effects.Essay topics that tackle technological changes in the world should be well researched. It is not enough to write about how our lives will be affected by the modern age. The argumentative essay must be able to offer real solutions to the problems that people are facing and it should tackle the problem from every angle, be it economics, employment or even social issues.On argumentative essay topics that deal with techn ology, it is important to remember that there are two different types of technological change. There is the more obvious change, which is the introduction of new technologies and the effects they have on our lives. And then there is the less obvious change, which is the ways in which we make use of the technologies that we already have and the impact that these technologies have on our lives.Technological change and its effects on the environment must be taken into account. Most of us will probably not have the capacity to implement a completely new way of life, but the same cannot be said for the technology of the future. An argumentative essay that deals with technological change must consider not only the effect of the technological changes that we have seen in the last few years, but also the impact that they will have on the future of our planet.Technological change is a fact of life that we are living with now, but we also need to learn how to handle it. The impact that techno logical change has on our lives cannot be ignored.

Trends And Implications Of Human Resource Management

Trends and Implications Today’s organizational leaders are facing accelerating rates of volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity, all of which are showing no signs of slowing down. Whether it is the continuing digital revolution or expanding global markets, our current environment requires a constant state of innovation. For companies to continue succeeding, next generation leaders must be able to handle any curve ball thrown their way. Leading through this new business environment requires the capability to sense and respond to changes in the business environment with actions that are focused, fast, and flexible. The next generation of Human Resource Managers will have to be agile and well coordinated for quick change. This means the days of lifetime employment and seniority-based systems are largely over as companies move toward models of contingent work, independent contracting, and more free- market arrangements (Losey et.al., 2005). Large group of experience d, highly skilled, workers are leaving employment and are looking for alternative employment. The shift in how organizations can effectively function in the changing world of work is a hot topic within the field of human resource management. Society is rapidly shifting to an information age and the challenges that come about with such a change (Al-Hawamdeh Hart, 2001; Burch, 2005; Castells, 1996; Elliot Jacobson, 2002). Changing demographics is one of the strategic steps that those in the humanShow MoreRelatedTrends And Implications Of Human Resource Management764 Words   |  4 PagesI. Trends and Implications Today’s organizational leaders are facing accelerating rates of volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity, all of which are showing no signs of slowing down. Whether it is the continuing digital revolution or expanding global markets, our current environment requires a constant state of innovation. For companies to continue succeeding, next generation leaders must be able to handle any curve ball thrown their way. Leading through this new business environmentRead MoreChallenges And Implications Of Human Resource Management1393 Words   |  6 Pages(Topic 3) Challenges and Implications Human resource management is arguably one of the most important departments in every organization. Just like other departments in the organization human resource management faces its share of challenges. One of the major challenges the department has been facing in the recent past is the trend in the mobility of human resources (Caulfield, 2010). Human resource mobility refers to the movement of employees either internally or externally. Internal mobility includesRead MoreThe Diversity At The Workplace747 Words   |  3 Pagesancestry, ethnicity, age, gender, race, educational background, sexual orientation, marital status, religious belief, income, geographic location and work experience. The mobility in human resource trend is emerging within the competitive market that requires more strategic role on account of human resource management. Organizations may fall in dire consequences of outplaying by other competitors in strategic employment. Nowadays, workforce is no longer a set of employees (Narasimhan, 2004). It isRead Moreemerging trends in hrm2115 Words   |  9 PagesEmerging trends in Human Resources Management Robert c. myrtle, dpa Director, executive master of leadership Professor of public administration, and Professor of gerontology Emerging Trends in Human Resources Management (HRM) Session Outcomes: †¢ Discover the global trends affecting human resources management, †¢ Describe the impact these trends are having on organizations and the management of human resources, †¢ Develop an appreciation of the changing role of human resources managementRead MoreCurrent Trends in Education1626 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: CURRENT TRENDS IN EDUCATION Current Trends in Education Current Trends in Education The trends in human resource management and its implications for education are altering. Several trends are innovative and are a result of the economy, while others are escalating as a result of new regulations, new types of degrees and education, and the type of people employed. The purpose of this paper is to inform the reader of several of these current trends. The trends that seems the mostRead MoreHr Restructuring Trends1269 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Resource Restructuring Trends 1. A number of firms are changing the way the functions are performed. For example, some companies are restructuring HR for reasons, such as time pressures, financial considerations, and market pressures. This restructuring often results in a shift in terms of who performs each function. Organizations still perform the majority of a firm’s HR functions inside the firm. Adjusting to HR restructuring trends—who performs the human resource management tasks? 2. TheRead MoreLimitations to Hr Planning1743 Words   |  7 Pages | Question: Examine the limitation to Human Resource Planning. What you advocate as the measures for dealing with identified limitations? Definition of Human Resource Management It is proposed that we take human resource management to be that part of management concerned with: All the decisions, strategies, factors, principles, operations, practices, functions, activities and methods related to the management of people as employees in any type of organisation (includingRead MoreBenefits, Wellness And Accessibility Officer1606 Words   |  7 PagesJob Description Job Identification Title: Benefits,Wellness and Accessibility Officer Job category: Full-time Department: Human resources Reporting relationship: Reports directly to human resources manager Physical location: Head office Safety hazards: None Summary The benefits, wellness and accessibility officer is required to perform the executive-level tasks of reviewing and processing benefit and wellness claims. The officer is required to maintain updated records of all applications and claimsRead MoreThe Impact Of Labour Flexibility On The International Management Of Human Resources1741 Words   |  7 PagesResearch critically discuss the implications of labour flexibility on the international management of Human Resources. Introduction In order to sustain in the business market and meet the consumer demands, the organizations and the employers of 21st century are required to come up with new methods and unbeatable prices of products and services. Moreover due to the emergence of globalisation, these organizations are bound to apply cost-cutting approach (lower wage approach), which influences theRead MoreChanges Of The Human Resource Environment Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pages CHANGES IN THE HUMAN RESOURCE ENVIRONMENT by Sushant Uppal Course Title Professor (Tutor) The Name of the School (University) The City and State where it is located The Date Factors Contributing to the Changing Human Resource (HR) Environment and their Effects HR environment just like business environment is changing, and there are five factors which are involved in the environmental change of HR (Academy of Human Resource Development 2002). These are: 1. diversifying in Work force 2. Shifting

Is Autism Caused By Vaccines Or Is It Genetic - 916 Words

Is autism caused by vaccines or is it genetic? Is it caused by environmental factors or are there problems during pregnancy that can cause it? Psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler first used the term autism in 1908, and in the 1940s the United States began to use this term to describe children with emotional or social problems. He used it to describe â€Å"a schizophrenic patient who had withdrawn into his own world†. The Greek word autà ³s meaning self was what the name autism was derived from and was used by Bleuler to mean a morbid self-admiration and withdrawal into one’s self. In the early 1940s, child psychiatrists Leo Kanner and Hans Asperger studied separate groups of children. Each group had many of the same symptoms like difficulties in social interactions, or difficulty with adapting to changes in their routine, good memory, and noticed that an autistic child’s motor skills were different from a non-autistic child’s. Kanner and Bettelheim tried to bl ame the cause of autism on the coldness of the children’s mothers and separated the children from their parents. More information was revealed when an education and therapy foundation was created in the early 80s. Many parents at this time still confused autism with mental retardation and psychosis, and realized that bad parenting had no grounds as being the causative. The idea that autism came from neurological disturbances and genetic abnormalities like tuberous sclerosis, PKU, and fragile X syndrome. There is a wide rangeShow MoreRelatedVaccines Do Not Blame Vaccines For Children?1271 Words   |  6 Pagesblamed on genetics, but when a kid is autistic it is blamed on vaccinations. Autism comes from genetics also, so why not blame vaccines for making people short too? If parents do not blame vaccines on their kids shortness, why blame vaccines for autism?. For years there has been controversy about vaccines causing autism in children. The vaccine scare originally started w hen there was a report in 1998 on how the MMR vaccine can cause autism, which was later dismissed as false (Rao). The MMR vaccine is aRead MoreVaccinations : Harmful Or Helpful?1288 Words   |  6 Pagesepidemics of such diseases as polio, measles and mumps. The parents who refuse to vaccinate their children are doing so out of fear that their child may develop autism. There has been unlimited amounts of research performed which show there is no link between vaccinations and autism. Researchers have found there may be a genetic link to autism. Vaccinations have a history as far back as ancient Greece. Doctors then were beginning to realize that getting infected with a virus would later help preventRead MoreAddressing Immunization Barriers, Benefits And Risks1217 Words   |  5 Pageschemicals in vaccines such as hepatitis B vaccine and MMR vaccine. Kimmel also wrote that some inoculations can cause â€Å"Febrile seizures, persistent crying that lasts 3 hours or more, and hypotonic-hypo responsive episodes have been reported very rarely after DTaP† (S66). Allergic reactions and seizures can be a terrifying to parents. However, these are very unlikely to happen and most parents already know what their children may be allergic to preventing the child from receiving the vaccine. There aren’tRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1280 Words   |  6 PagesComposition 1 Autism Spectrum Disorder â€Å"Autism is a neurological disorder. It s not caused by bad parenting. It s caused by an abnormal development in the brain. The emotional circuits in the brain are abnormal. And there also are differences in the white matter, which is the brain s computer cables that hook up the different brain departments† â€Å"Temple Grandi†BrainyQuote.com. Xplore Inc, 2015. 30 April 2015. http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/t/templegran451380.html. Autism Spectrum DisorderRead MoreA Research Topic On Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay965 Words   |  4 Pages Ariel Robinson Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disorder that displays characteristics of impairments in social interactions and communication, obsessive interests, and repetitive behaviors.1 The DSM-5 characterizes Autism Spectrum Disorder as range of symptoms with varying severity, hence the term â€Å"spectrum†.2 Currently, scientists do not know the exact cause of autism. However, it is agreed upon that the underlying cause is highly likely to be influenced by genetic heritability.3,4Read MoreArguments: Autism-Speaks880 Words   |  4 PagesAutism-speaks Just imagine your child was diagnosed of having autism. The realization of your child perhaps being autistic may be lurid. You now know that your child will be found with many challenges, and may have a severe difficulty making sense of the world. Autism is an illness that can affect your communication, socialization, intelligence, and you may act in many unusual behaviors. To try to help an autistic child is being very courageous. Having a child, who is autistic, will be a struggleRead MoreVaccines And Its Effect On Health Care1163 Words   |  5 Pages The introduction of vaccines has been a great advancement in the world of medicine. This ground- breaking discovery has a tremendous effect on health care by putting an end to diseases that might otherwise be untreatable. Diseases such as typhoid, whooping cough, and polio which threaten many countries worldwide are now preventable after the discovery of the vaccine. Although the development of vaccines has led to the prevention of deadly illnesses, there has been may controversy based on whetherRead MoreVaccination Law Repeal Should Be Mandatory1670 Words   |  7 Pagesobligated to take the leap. This law should be repealed until further research is done and more effective versions are created. Doctors need to understand why some children have adverse reactions and how to test for possible predispositions before vaccines become mandatory. Vaccinations should be an option for prevention, with parents in full awareness of the risks. There are great risks involved in this decision, vaccinated or not. Polio, Diphtheria, Measles, Chickenpox and many other illnesses usedRead MoreChildhood Vaccines Lead to Autism, Fact? or Fiction?1623 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood Vaccines Lead to Autism, Fact? Or Fiction? â€Å"Today one in every 150 children has been diagnosed on the autism spectrum; 20 years ago that statistic was one in 10,000† (Mooney, 2009, p. 58). There are many vaccines that are administered to children today that protect them from measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox, tetanus, invasive Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib) infections, etc. (Miller amp; Reynolds, 2009, p. 167). Among these and many other diseases children are currently being vaccinatedRead MoreSoar Research Paper: Theories Of Autism. Autism Is Known1454 Words   |  6 PagesTheories of Autism Autism is known as a profound neural development disorder marked by an inability to communicate and interact with others. In many families, there appears to be a pattern of autism or related disabilities, further supporting the theory that the disorder has a genetic basis. (Autism and Neurodevelopment) While no one gene has been identified as causing autism, researchers are searching for irregular segments of genetic code that children with autism may have inherited. Autism symptoms

Drexler’s Bar-B-Que Free Essays

ENVIRONMENT OUTPUTS PROCESS INPUTS | 3. Apply the systems model to illustrate how Drexler’s Bar-B-Que operates within its environment. Before applying the system model to Drexler’s, first we will discuss a little bit about the system theory itself. We will write a custom essay sample on Drexler’s Bar-B-Que or any similar topic only for you Order Now The organization itself is an element of a larger system, the environment. Within time, every organization takes, processes and returns resources to the environment. The decisive factor of organizational effectiveness is whether the organization survives in the environment. In simpler meaning, systems theory is when an organization takes resources (inputs) from the larger system (the environment), processes the resources and returns them in a changed form (output). Input – Mrs. Scott talks to her customers, new and old, about what they are looking for within the restaurant. Process – Mrs. Scott gathers and analyzes the customers’ suggestions. Output – Mrs. Scott implements her action plan and the environment (customers) receive the service they suggested. This process is basically a revolving system to improve customer service and business activity. Due to Mrs. Scott’s actions, she has closed down the restaurant and upgrade to a bigger building to accommodate her new and regular customers. Managers need to possess two key ingredients: authenticity and social intelligence Mrs. Scott possess both of these assets because she makes sure that Drexler’s menu is the same with the same ingredients, she makes sure that the restaurant is original in its deliverance. She also knows that to be successful she needs her customers’ input to keep them coming back for more. There are 5 dimensions of social intelligence: Â   empathy, presence, situational radar, clarity and authenticity which Mrs. Scott all possesses. How to cite Drexler’s Bar-B-Que, Essay examples

The Oak and the Elm Tree free essay sample

Narrowing this vast amount of species down to the most widespread of the broadleaved trees would be the mighty oak and will be compared with the American elm for their beauty. In nature, the oaks hold their own well in competition with the other trees. The oak is a large tree growing to heights of thirty-five to one hundred feet tall. Their leaves are of the most dramatic in shape, which are described as being pinnately veined and pinnately lobed. Meaning the main vein runs through the leaf to its tip and smaller veins branch out, also having deep wavy outline indentations which extend half way or more to the midrib, giving it a hand-like feature. In contrast, the American elm is also a large tree that grows to a height of forty to ninety feet tall and has a simple, short oval shaped leaf that is saw-toothed and lopsided at the base. We will write a custom essay sample on The Oak and the Elm Tree or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The trunk of both trees is described as being similar in most ways, thick and covered with furrowed gray bark. The trunks grow lateral with broad branches opening up into a beautiful crown. In time, these dome-headed trees will spread its branches needing a lot of growing space for the canopy. The beauty of the oak tree gives way as it sways in a gentle breeze and flutters its leaves as if waving a happy welcome to anyone who may pass. The elm tree swaying in the same breeze illustrates a simple flat wave. A tree isn’t just for a season; it is for life. The quality of life for these trees depends on the care they might receive. To grow, a tree needs a period of more than two months each year without frost; some need certain soil conditions, and plenty of water and light. The normal age span of trees is different for each species. An average oak tree may take as many as on hundred years to mature and may live for as long as four hundred fifty years, whereas, some elms live more that on hundred fifty years. Both the oak and elm trees are deciduous, meaning they shed their leaves. All deciduous trees are broad-leaved. One of the most appealing aspects of deciduous trees is their signaling of fall by the changing color of their leaves. The oak has rich leaf color that change during the fall from the many shades of green to red, orange, yellow, purple, and every imaginable tint. The simple on-step change of the elm leaves turn from a glossy green to yellow in the fall. Both trees loose their leaves completely and go dormant during the winter months. Diseases endanger each species of trees. The gypsy moth favors the oak leaves, the caterpillars dine on the foliage. â€Å"But scientists have counterattacked with a variety of weapons†¦pesticides, insect-eating birds, and even processed scents called pheromones, which lure insects into traps† (Page 117). One of importance is a wasp that preys on the gypsy moth caterpillar. The wasp lay their eggs on the skin of the caterpillar and when the eggs hatch, the larvae feed on their host, and kill them in the process. Elm bark beetles spread Dutch elm disease from tree to tree. â€Å"It is a potentially very dangerous and fatal disease to which all of our native elms are highly susceptible† (Grimm 191). The beetles attack the living tree and form tunnels under the bark and the adult carries the spores of the disease from tree to tree. Affected trees show sever wilting and yellowing of the leaves on one or several branches, especially during periods of dry weather. There is no effective chemical treatment. Pruning and burning out affected branches are most effective. In many cases it is disease that shortens a tree’s life. Trees are the source of materials we need for many everyday purposes. The strong wood of the oak has a beautiful grain. An important use of oak is for lumber, but also has other uses such as furniture, flooring, paneling, barrels, railroad ties, and ship keels. Some of the oak species contain tannin, found in the wood and the bark, and is used for preparing leather. Some oaks are grown for landscaping in personal gardens to provide shade and to show off their natural beauty. The oaks acorns are an important source of food for wildlife. The elm also has been used for many sources of everyday uses. The wood of the elm is tough, hard, and does not split easily. It is used for making barrels, farm tools, fence post, hockey sticks, furniture, and boats. Elms are used in landscaping too. They are planted along streets and in parks. Trees provide us with oxygen, lumber, and among other things, fuel, to heat our homes. Trees have also provided young children with hours of fun while climbing and exploring the world above ground. Trees provide a place to build clubhouses, tree houses, or a comfortable branch to read a book. In Oregon, a family vacation might include a few nights stay â€Å"in one of twenty tree houses created by Michael Garnier at Out’n’About Treesort† (Nolan6). If trees could talk, our American history might have to or could be rewritten. Under these trees, agreements and treaties have been made. A historic tree in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, shades union soldiers graves. â€Å"The mighty limbs of the Treaty Oak in Jacksonville, Florida, are said to have sheltered natives and settlers during peace treaty talks† (Brown 6). Various species of trees have played an important public role as the center for meetings. â€Å"The Washington Elm, under which George Washington assumed command of the Continental Army in 1775, remained standing for many years in Cambridge, Massachusetts† (Jonas 186). Much of the nation’s history lives in thousands of trees, and we might be touching history and not even realize it. Again, trees enter into the lives of us all. It could be the piece of furniture we sit on, a tree planted in a yard for shade, or the oxygen we breath, but most of all, the beauty a tree provides in our outdoor surroundings.